What is isolated footing?/ Different types of isolated footings.

 1. What is isolated footing?

The isolated footings are the structural members, provided beneath the individual columns to distribute the loads to the earth. 

The isolated footings transmit & spread the loads uniformly to the soil over which they rest. They come under the category of shallow-type foundations. 

2. What are the different types of isolated footings?

Isolated footings are classified under 3 types. They are,

1. Pad footing.

2. Step footing.

3. Sloped footing.

1. Pad footing:

The thickness of this footing is consistent & uniform. Pad footings are made to sustain concentrated loads from the single columns. 

These footings are also called by the names simple spread footing or flat footings.

2. Step footing:

In the earlier days, step footing was popular in the foundation of residential buildings. But nowadays, the usage of step footing has declined. Usually, two to three steps were made over one another as shown in the drawing.

This type of footing was used to control the punching shear & to distribute the loads to the soil strata.

3. Sloped footing:

The slopes were maintained at 45° on all 4 sides from the top surface of the footing. Providing a slope helps to reduce the volume of concrete utilized in the footing. 

 These types of footings are also known as trapezoidal footings.

3. What are the different shapes of isolated footings?

The shape of the footing is decided based on the designed loads, SBC of soil, & sectional dimension of the supported column.

All types of isolated footings were usually built in 3 different shapes. They are,

1. Circular footing:

The section of the column may be circular or square in dimension. The circular-shaped footings may be either step footing or pad type of isolated footing.

2. Rectangular footing:

The section of the footing is rectangular in shape as shown above. When the columns are rectangular in dimension, the footings were built-in the rectangular section to uniformly accommodate column loads. 

3. Square footing:

This is the most common type of footing, usually selected for columns having square sections. Here, the length & breadth of the footing is equal.

To go through the articles related to the different types (classifications) of construction materials, click here.

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