The water tanks are classified into 3 main types. They are
A. Water tank based on location.
B. Water tank based on the materials.
C. Water tank based on their shape.
Now let us go through them one by one.
A. Water tank based on the locations:
1. Overhead tank:
As the name suggests, these are the tanks that are placed above your head level. The tanks which are placed over the rooftop, terrace, and loft of the building come under this category. Also, the tanks which are built over the column or steel structures for the public water supply or for private use are included in this group.
2. Ground-level tank:
These are the tanks that are built or positioned over the ground level as shown in the above image. The places where you can find such tanks are in residential buildings to store water, as a curing tanks in industrial units, in the agricultural field for irrigation purposes, in aquaculture for fish breeding, and so on.
3. Underground tank:
The water tank which is built or positioned beneath the ground level is called an underground tank. In the images below you can see the RCC cast in situ & masonry water tank, which is constructed below the ground surface.
B. Water tank based on the materials:
1. RCC water tank:
These types of water tanks are further subdivided into,
a. Cast in situ RCC tank:
These are the water tanks that are built on the actual site using RCC materials.
b. Precast RCC tank:
These are the RCC water tanks that are produced in the manufacturing units and shifted to the site wherever necessary.
2. Masonry water tank:
They are constructed by using building bricks or blocks on the site locations. They are usually smaller in dimensions when compared to the RCC water tanks. They have less water-holding capacities.
The above-given image illustrates a masonry water tank made up of hollow concrete blocks.
3. Steel water tank:
These types of water tanks are mostly used for industrial purposes and in public water supply systems. These types of tanks are further categorized as,
a. Stainless steel water tank:
They are used for specific purposes since the manufacturing cost is on the higher side. They are usually smaller in size when compared to the other types of water tanks due to their higher price range.
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| Steel water tank. |
b. Mild steel ( MS) water tank:
They are largely used for industrial purposes and in public water supply systems.
The water tankers are fitted with M.S. material tanks for the supply of water. They are larger, and heavier, and can be fabricated into different shapes and sizes. |
| MS water tank. |
4. Plastic water tank:
These are the most commonly known water tank nowadays and they are replacing all other types of water tanks. Plastic water tanks were used for residential purposes due to their added advantages.
They are made up of different types of plastic composites and polymers as per the required specification.
The different types which come under plastic water tanks are,
a. Polymer plastic water tank:
The polymer plastics generally used in the manufacturing process are polyvinyl chloride ( PVC ), high-density polyethylene ( HDPE ), polypropylene (PP ), etc.
Given below is the image of the PVC water tank, the most widely used type by the general public.
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| Plastic water tank. |
b. Composite plastic (reinforced) water tank:
The composite plastic which is commonly used is fiber-reinforced plastic ( FRP ), & glass-reinforced plastic( GRP).
The reinforcement provides them with the needed hardness and fire-resistant properties. Comparatively, they are tougher & stronger than PVC water tanks.
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| Composite water tank. |
C. Water tank based on the shapes:
The water tanks were built or molded in a variety of shapes and dimensions. However, I have given here the list of those water tanks which we find in common use in the day to day life.
They are,
1. Rectangular water tank.
2. Circular water tank.
3. Cylindrical water tank &
4. Oval-shaped water tank.
I think this is sufficient to understand the different types of commonly used water tanks and so I am ending this subject here.
To go through the articles related to the different types (classifications) of construction materials, click here.
Have a good day😃.
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